The Phoenicians were the first to begin to use tobacco glass for packaging around 400th to 300th BC

Contents Introduction Division of packaging materials according barrier capabilities Medium barrier packaging materials teraftalat Polyethylene (PET) polyamide (PA) properties of polyamide polyamide Application Polyvinyl jbf india chloride (PVC) Hard plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) Soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) properties of polyvinyl chloride Modification of the characteristics of polyvinyl chloride, jbf india high barrier packaging materials polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) Production of polyvinylidene chloride jbf india Kopoolimeri ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) acrylic and methacrylic polymers Literature. Introduction
The development of civilization and the formation of the first organized human settlements, dictated the need for people collecting, transferring and storing fruit and vegetable water. In order to bridge jbf india the emerging obstacles, jbf india the man first used a primitive form of what we today call the packaging. Because there are no written jbf india documents, it is difficult to say what is all applied for the first package. I just assumed that it was made of wicker, straw, skin and other body parts of animals. Probably much later, the man discovered vessels of clay, ceramic, glass and metal.
There is evidence that the first wooden wine barrels existed around the 2800th year BC. Around 530 years BC was known for jars and amphorae intended for storing water, wine, and oil, as well as for transport and trade various goods. Glass bottles were used in Egypt for more than four thousand years. During this period, processing the above materials was considered with art.
The Phoenicians were the first to begin to use tobacco glass for packaging around 400th to 300th BC Around 105 BC, the Chinese jbf india have discovered a method jbf india of obtaining the paper, which, inter alia, the use of the material for the packing of goods. jbf india
A milestone in the production of packaging materials, in the strict sense of the word, bringing the industrial revolution. In the United States in 1817 began manufacturing metal box - cans, intended for packaging thermally processed foods. Later on in the use of inputs aluminum. jbf india The first metal tube appeared in 1841, and then produced the first glass jar with a screw cap and cork insole. jbf india At the end of the 19th century jbf india appears in cellophane and in 1907 Baekeland found the first plastic composition - bakelite, which, among other things, used for making different VSTA packaging.
1925 found the polystyrene, which is in a way announced era of plastic, which is still ongoing. With the advent of various modern packaging materials developed jbf india and equipment for their operations almost as well as manufacturing technology. Interconnectivity of all the above mentioned elements, caused the increase in the production of goods which is necessary to bundle, as well as the emergence of new types of food products. Many of them would never have appeared on the market that are not packaged.
Thanks to the global development and progress of science and technology, from 1940 to the present, the production of certain kinds and types of packaging and packaging technology development is done more than in the entire previous period. In the early period, jbf india the store is packed jbf india by the consumer brought jbf india their packaging. Packaging operations which are currently known in the beginning jbf india period of the returnable packaging, which for economic and technical reasons, replaced irreversible. . Division jbf india of packaging materials to the barrier capabilities
When packaging foods and beverages, the term generally means a polymeric barrier impermeability to gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen). The largest number jbf india of known polymers are less or more effective barrier. jbf india Based on the protective properties and permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide derived jbf india classification of maximizing use of materials in the following groups:
It was observed that the increase of enclosures to gases, reducing other positive characteristics, such as resistance to moisture, or suitability for molding. Polyethylene, nonpolar semicrystalline jbf india polymer, is specific in that it possesses excellent characteristics in the design and high resistance. However, its impermeability jbf india to gases is low.
On the other hand, polyvinyl alcohol, polar crystal, has a low moisture resistance, is difficult to design, but it is an excellent barrier to gases. For these reasons, there is no widely used in the packaging of food and beverages, as complicated and raises the price of production of packaging, and does not provide any reliable protection from external influences water, nor the contents from spoiling. Copolymers of ethylene-vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride have been developed in order to ensure jbf india excellent protection against gases, solvents and aromatic, with less or more good barrier to moisture and characteristics jbf india desirable in the design. . Medium barrier packaging materials
Among the thermoplastic polyesters, the most important compound is polyethylene teraftalat. The general chemical formula of the compound is [(OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O) n]. In everyday communication are adopted the trade names "terilen", "fortrel", "dakron" etc.. It is a linear,