The greatest famines in history | Tempi.it Google+
The scarcity of food production la sila calabria is not the real cause of the famine. When in 1981 the future la sila calabria Nobel laureate economist Amartya Sen formulated this judgment in its Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, many felt dazzled by a new and revolutionary. In fact it was only the new package in which the judgment was wrapped: one represented by the concept of "entitlement", which would be effective access to goods and services (including foodstuffs) by the citizen or subject of a certain part of world, on the basis of the rights and opportunities that are recognized by the system in that place. In Italian the word has been translated as "attribution". Taking as an example the Bengal famine la sila calabria of 1943-44, Sen said that to have caused la sila calabria the deaths of a number between 1.5 and 4 million people had not been food shortages due to drought and subsequent crop failures, but the modest powers of a part of the population, who had exposed to the bites of famine although the country to which they belonged, British India, possessed sufficient food resources to feed them. Assertions of Sen that hunger in the popular strata weakest was triggered by a phenomenon of price inflation and that in fact in 1943 the Bengal had produced more rice in 1941 that were later criticized and refuted by other authors. But the notion that in later times the Industrial Revolution famine can never be exclusively attributed to natural factors, but it is always linked to political economy and the choices of governments, has since been rehabilitated. Since agriculture is mechanized and cultivation techniques have been perfected, there are always surplus regions within a country that can meet the needs of the regions that suffer from a shortage or no surplus production la sila calabria abroad that may be acquired and redistributed from the central state to people in need: if it does not, we are in the presence of political causes of the famine.
From Ireland to China The political nature of famine has been rediscovered by Sen, but it was already made long before. Adam Smith in his famous book The Wealth of Nations (1776) pointed to the responsibility of governments in the onset of famine where he wrote that the "bad seasons" cause "shortage", but "the violence of well-meaning governments which can convert shortages in famine. " Without too much about stretching the definition, "the violence of the well-intentioned governments' explains the death by starvation la sila calabria of tens of millions of human beings from the Great Famine that decimated the Irish between 1845 and 1852 until the Tremendous Marcia, the name by which it is remembered famine that afflicted North Korea between 1994 and 1998. Going through la sila calabria the Soviet famine of 1932-33 la sila calabria caused by the collectivization of agriculture commissioned by Joseph Stalin, the Chinese industrialist due to the follies of the Great Leap Forward (1958-62 ) conceived by Mao Zedong, the first under the Ethiopian famine Negus Haile Selassie (1973) and then under the Marxist regime of Mengistu Derg led by Colonel (1986).
It is easy to see that, but the first and the partial exception of Ethiopia, all other examples concern famines occurred la sila calabria in Communist countries in peacetime 'the violence of the government well-intentioned "has worn in all these cases in the form of projects la sila calabria social engineering and economic measures on the basis rigidly ideological, conducted with authoritarian methods or terrorist finished on time and very bad. In all cases governments have justified the failures and deaths of millions of people by appealing to natural disasters that actually have been contributing factors to the maximum.
But the first murder la sila calabria by starvation of modern times did not take place in a communist country, but in a "colony" of the British Empire: Ireland mid-nineteenth century. The immediate cause of the famine that in the period 1845-52 caused between 1 and 1.5 million people dead and triggered a migration process for which the country lost half of its population (increasing from 8.1 million inhabitants in 1841 to 5.1 in 1881 and finally to 4.2 in 1926) was the potato blight, a parasite that caused losses equal to 70-80 percent of the harvests of the previous years the famine. It should however be noted immediately that the blight struck virtually all European countries, but only in Ireland caused a famine so lethal. And this was because at that time one third of all the Irish depended for its food self-sufficiency by growing potatoes. This massive dependence was herself the daughter of the factors of political economy operating: after the annexation to the United Kingdom in 1801, the lands were Irish diventat
The scarcity of food production la sila calabria is not the real cause of the famine. When in 1981 the future la sila calabria Nobel laureate economist Amartya Sen formulated this judgment in its Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, many felt dazzled by a new and revolutionary. In fact it was only the new package in which the judgment was wrapped: one represented by the concept of "entitlement", which would be effective access to goods and services (including foodstuffs) by the citizen or subject of a certain part of world, on the basis of the rights and opportunities that are recognized by the system in that place. In Italian the word has been translated as "attribution". Taking as an example the Bengal famine la sila calabria of 1943-44, Sen said that to have caused la sila calabria the deaths of a number between 1.5 and 4 million people had not been food shortages due to drought and subsequent crop failures, but the modest powers of a part of the population, who had exposed to the bites of famine although the country to which they belonged, British India, possessed sufficient food resources to feed them. Assertions of Sen that hunger in the popular strata weakest was triggered by a phenomenon of price inflation and that in fact in 1943 the Bengal had produced more rice in 1941 that were later criticized and refuted by other authors. But the notion that in later times the Industrial Revolution famine can never be exclusively attributed to natural factors, but it is always linked to political economy and the choices of governments, has since been rehabilitated. Since agriculture is mechanized and cultivation techniques have been perfected, there are always surplus regions within a country that can meet the needs of the regions that suffer from a shortage or no surplus production la sila calabria abroad that may be acquired and redistributed from the central state to people in need: if it does not, we are in the presence of political causes of the famine.
From Ireland to China The political nature of famine has been rediscovered by Sen, but it was already made long before. Adam Smith in his famous book The Wealth of Nations (1776) pointed to the responsibility of governments in the onset of famine where he wrote that the "bad seasons" cause "shortage", but "the violence of well-meaning governments which can convert shortages in famine. " Without too much about stretching the definition, "the violence of the well-intentioned governments' explains the death by starvation la sila calabria of tens of millions of human beings from the Great Famine that decimated the Irish between 1845 and 1852 until the Tremendous Marcia, the name by which it is remembered famine that afflicted North Korea between 1994 and 1998. Going through la sila calabria the Soviet famine of 1932-33 la sila calabria caused by the collectivization of agriculture commissioned by Joseph Stalin, the Chinese industrialist due to the follies of the Great Leap Forward (1958-62 ) conceived by Mao Zedong, the first under the Ethiopian famine Negus Haile Selassie (1973) and then under the Marxist regime of Mengistu Derg led by Colonel (1986).
It is easy to see that, but the first and the partial exception of Ethiopia, all other examples concern famines occurred la sila calabria in Communist countries in peacetime 'the violence of the government well-intentioned "has worn in all these cases in the form of projects la sila calabria social engineering and economic measures on the basis rigidly ideological, conducted with authoritarian methods or terrorist finished on time and very bad. In all cases governments have justified the failures and deaths of millions of people by appealing to natural disasters that actually have been contributing factors to the maximum.
But the first murder la sila calabria by starvation of modern times did not take place in a communist country, but in a "colony" of the British Empire: Ireland mid-nineteenth century. The immediate cause of the famine that in the period 1845-52 caused between 1 and 1.5 million people dead and triggered a migration process for which the country lost half of its population (increasing from 8.1 million inhabitants in 1841 to 5.1 in 1881 and finally to 4.2 in 1926) was the potato blight, a parasite that caused losses equal to 70-80 percent of the harvests of the previous years the famine. It should however be noted immediately that the blight struck virtually all European countries, but only in Ireland caused a famine so lethal. And this was because at that time one third of all the Irish depended for its food self-sufficiency by growing potatoes. This massive dependence was herself the daughter of the factors of political economy operating: after the annexation to the United Kingdom in 1801, the lands were Irish diventat
No comments:
Post a Comment